All Korean men are obliged to serve in the Army once in their lives. However, there are people who reject their military service because of their "conscience", or religious beliefs.
One example of this is the religious group "여호와의 증인", or roughly translated, "The Witnesses of Jehovah". This group is a Christian religious group, and many of their members have rejected military service because of their religious beliefs.
Currently, this is illegal in Korea. People of this group who have rejected military service have been taken to court and sentenced to prison. Exemption or alternatives for the military service is allowed for those mentally/physically unable. However, this is not allowed to those who are mentally/physically capable, just because their beliefs say so.
The Supreme Court of Korea has stated that "The Christian's decision not to serve in the army because of their beliefs is subject to punishment according to military service law. Their decision based on their conscience, in this instance, is not protected by the Constitution's Right to Conscience."
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